Imaging features of an intraosseous arteriovenous malformation in the tibia

Primary intraosseous arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare and have only been occasionally reported. We herein report a histologically proven case of primary intraosseous AVM in the tibia, which mimicked a fibrous tumour on radiography. This presentation carries a risk of triggering acute large haemorrhage through unnecessary biopsy. In intraosseous AVM, the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features typical of a soft tissue AVM are absent, making diagnosis difficult. In this report, peculiar MR features in the presence of a connecting vessel between the normal deep venous system of the lower extremity and the tumour provide a clue for the early diagnosis of primary intraosseous AVM.